The field of sexual offender treatment is a remarkably dynamic area of study. The last four decades have seen an upsurge of interest, resulting in a significant empirical and theoretical knowledge base. The identification and treatment of sex offenders, particularly high-risk sex offenders, is an international concern. Significant contributions to the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders have been made by scholars and practitioners in Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States, and others. A comprehensive review of the last four decades is beyond the scope of this chapter. Rather, common and best practices will be reviewed along with a discussion of popular models of sexual offender treatment. Moreover, treatment considerations for adult male sexual offenders vary from treatment considerations for female or juvenile sexual offenders. The present chapter will focus on the treatment of adult male sexual offenders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)